Helen F. Ladd, Charles T. Clotfelter, and John B. Holbein

Helen F. Ladd is the Susan B. King professor of public policy at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy. Charles T. Clotfelter is the Z. Smith Reynolds professor of public policy at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. John B. Holbein is a Ph.D. student at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy.